Wednesday, December 22, 2010

resetting windows local security policy is annoying

sometimes you just need to remove a system from one ad domain and add it to another. a problem is that the other domain's registry settings get tattooed. yuck.

well, i like to just reset everything, because i'm lazy that way. as administrator at the command prompt...

for xp & server 2003:
secedit /configure /cfg %windir%\repair\secsetup.inf /db secsetup.sdb /verbose

for vista:
secedit /configure /cfg %windir%\inf\defltbase.inf /db defltbase.sdb /verbose
Posted by at No comments:

Friday, December 17, 2010

solaris 10, mount those automounts, please?

Solaris and failing mounts get me depressed sometimes. After you've rebooted a machine your nice UDP NFS mounts just don't go or you've made a change in one of your auto defs and your brain is addled because you work with so many variants of Solaris it just isn't funny anymore.

Solaris 8 and 9 were pretty easy. To restart the service (which wasn't one) after you've mucked about in /etc/auto_master &c.:
# /etc/init.d/autofs stop; /etc/init.d/autofs start

Solaris 10 is different. The init script is no longer there, and autofs has become a service. To figure out if is running and to (re)start it after doing what you need to do, follow this sequence:
# svcs | grep auto
legacy_run     14:14:53 lrc:/etc/rc2_d/S72autoinstall
online          9:51:27 svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default
# svcadm -v restart svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default
Action restart set for svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default.
cd to your newly mounted dirs and away you go.
Posted by at No comments:

Tuesday, December 14, 2010

sometimes root needs quick gui action

Really? As much as I loathe to do it, sometimes root needs kde console access in ubuntu.

# sed -i 's/AllowRootLogin=false/AllowRootLogin=true/g' /etc/kde4/kdm/kdmrc

When you're done. Undo it.

Oh, if root's not enabled:
# usermod -U root
Posted by at No comments:

Friday, December 10, 2010

missile command and mac addresses

Network access blocking using MAC addresses is sometimes like missile command or whack-a-mole depending... you find an errant client, and you tell your firewall-router to block said MAC. What do you do if you're on the receiving end? Change the MAC programmatically, of course.

My ethernet controller is eth0 and has MAC address (or Hardware Address) is 00:0f:1f:f7:b1:64 . I know that there are no MACs with HWaddr 00:0f:1f:f7:b1:65 on the network. Let's change that MAC address.
# ifconfig eth0 down
# ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0f:1f:f7:b1:65
# ifconfig eth0 up
Take that! Now, you can very very easily have a little tee script and substitute away every time you're disallowed. But, come on, what tomfoolery are you up to that'd make you programatically denied network access?
Posted by at No comments:

Wednesday, November 24, 2010

lazy umount

sometimes lsof grep your-stuck-mount isn't enough. and umount force and other nonsense doesn't work. just be lazy, why don't you?

fuser -m /dev/mount <- kill them all
umount -l /dev/mount

just be sure to clean up after yourself.
Posted by at No comments:

Monday, November 1, 2010

slapd and me and inittab

And sometimes, you just want to reload inittab because svscan is being a punk...

# init q
Posted by at No comments:

Friday, October 29, 2010

solaris 10, i don't have a dvd drive and need to upgrade you

let's just throw an iso on you and do an upgrade.

first, look for a volume that has sufficient space for that 2G dvd iso. then scp it over. tmp is a good place. so, i put my iso in tmp.


# mount -F hsfs -o ro `lofiadm -a /tmp/sol-10-u8-ga-x86-dvd.iso` /mnt
# /mnt/installer

that's it.
Posted by at No comments:

Wednesday, October 13, 2010

paid three times this month?

well. maybe i will. i get paid every other friday, and since this month has five fridays....

here's how to determine all the other months with five fridays for the next 20years, (ba)shilifically:

#!/bin/sh
year=2010
month=1
x=1

while [ $x -le 20 ]
do
  until [ $month -gt 12 ]
  do
    cal=`cal $month $year | grep ^31`
    if [ -z "$cal" ]
    then
      echo -n ""
    else
      echo
      cal $month $year
    fi
    month=`expr $month + 1`
  done
  month=1
  year=`expr $year + 1`
  x=$(( $x + 1 ))
done
Posted by at No comments:

Tuesday, September 7, 2010

rhel & changing network settings

I am not fond of GUIs and enjoy editing configuration files by hand; sure it can be dangerous if you don't know what you're doing - but if you do and don't like GUIs mangling stuff, hand confs are the way to go. Here's how to change RHEL's network conf files - notice the differences between RedHat and Ubuntu.

Edit configuration files stored in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ , /etc/sysconfig & /etc

First, edit network interface card files: 

 * /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
 * /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 &c.

## Intel Corporation 82573E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
DHCPCLASS=
HWADDR=00:30:48:56:A6:2E
IPADDR=192.168.10.3
NETMASK=255.255.255.192
ONBOOT=yes


Edit the file which contains gatway and hostname:

 * /etc/sysconfig/network

## network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=super.silly.domain.com
GATEWAY=192.168.10.1


Edit DNS server configuration file:

 * /etc/resolv.conf file:

## resolv.conf
search domain.com silly.domain.com
nameserver 192.168.10.1
nameserver 192.168.10.2
domain domain.com


Restart networking:

# /etc/init.d/network restart

Do a couple tests:

$ ping 192.168.10.1

Output:

PING 192.168.10.1 (192.168.10.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=251 time=0.972 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=251 time=1.11 ms

You can also check for Internet connectivity with nslookup or host command:

$ nslookup not.silly.domain.com
Output:

Server:         192.168.10.1
Address:        192.168.10.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   not.silly.domain.com
Address:192.168.10.4
Posted by at No comments:

Wednesday, September 1, 2010

special crontab entries

I have a file I need to change perms on every time my system reboots - just because. While looking for a better way of checking the file's perms through as opposed to doing a perpetual scheduled "for and if" loop, I came across a neat cron (5) stub I'd really never noticed before:

Instead of the first five fields, one of eight special strings may
  appear:

    string         meaning
    ------         -------
    @reboot        Run once, at startup.
    @yearly        Run once a year, "0 0 1 1 *".
    @annually      (same as @yearly)
    @monthly       Run once a month, "0 0 1 * *".
    @weekly        Run once a week, "0 0 * * 0".
    @daily         Run once a day, "0 0 * * *".
    @midnight      (same as @daily)
    @hourly        Run once an hour, "0 * * * *".

Cool. Now all I need to do is have my script run on reboot (well, when cron restarts, but still).
Posted by at No comments:

Thursday, August 26, 2010

solaris10 your environment is gone. say what?

What do you do if someone decides to run crle and boofs your Solaris system's runtime environment?

Easy!

First, here's a nice write up of crle...
To configure runtime linking environment in Sun Solaris:

# crle [-64] [-a name] [-c conf] [-e env] [-E env] [-f flags] [-i name] [-I name] [-g name] [-G name] [-l dir] [-o dir] [-s dir] [-t [ ELF | AOUT] ] [-u] [-v]

Example to update a new default search path for ELF objects:

# crle -u -l /local/lib

Example to create a new default search path and new trusted directory for ELF objects:

# crle -l /local/lib -l /usr/lib -s /local/lib

Example to display search path:

# crle

Example of creation of a directory cache for ELF objects:

# crle -i /usr/dt/lib -i /usr/openwin/lib -i /usr/lib -c config

Example for creation of an alternative object cache for an ELF executable:

# crle -c /local/$HOST/.xterm/ld.config.xterm -f RTLD_REL_ALL -G /usr/openwin/bin/xterm

# ln -s /local/$HOST/.xterm/xterm /local/$HOST/xterm
# ldd /usr/local/$HOST/xterm

Example for setting replaceable and permanent environment variables:

# crle -e LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/local/lib -E LD_PRELOAD=preload.so.1

Here's the fix:

* Boot into Single User Maintenance Mode off of the install media. 
* cd into /var/ld
* remove ld.config
* Once the system is live, advise someone to update crle (crle -u -l) and not create a brand new link (crle -l)
Posted by at No comments:

solaris8 & 10 emergency repair

Solaris8 SPARC/x86 booting system for emergency mode (via install CD media)
* Boot from Solaris8 Install CD #1
* At Solaris Device Configuration Assistant, Press F2 key
* Press ENTER key twice
* At 'Identified Devices' screen, Press F2 key
* At 'Boot Solaris' screen, select CD to boot system

System will now ask about "Select the type of Installation"

type argument b –s and press Enter key to boot system into 'Single User Maintenance Mode'.

Do the following:

# TERM=ansi ---> VT100 is not your friend
# export TERM
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 /a
# cd /a

Do stuff and then get out.

# cd /
# umount /a
# init 6

Solaris10 SPARC/x86 booting system for emergency mode (via install CD media)
* Get to an OpenPROM prompt (Stop-A is a good means of getting there) and then...

ok> boot cdrom -s

The system should boot into single user mode.  To work on the filesystem or do other emergency tasks, 
mount the system drive.

Sometimes, if the system has jackrabbitted, you'll need to first fsck the disk prior to mounting.

# TERM=vt100
# export TERM
# fsck -y /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0

# mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 /a
# cd /a

Do stuff and then get out.

# cd /
# umount /a
# init 6
Posted by at No comments:

Wednesday, August 25, 2010


character codes


A



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


À


Capital A with grave


Alt + 0192


00C0


À


À


Ctrl + ` + Shift + a


Option + `, A


à


Lowercase a with grave


Alt + 133

Alt + 0224


00E0


à


à


Ctrl + ` + a


Option + `, a


Á


Capital A with acute


Alt + 0193


00C1


Á


Á


Ctrl + ' + Shift + a


Option + e, A


á


Lowercase a with acute


Alt + 160

Alt + 0225


00E1


á


á


Ctrl + ' + a


Option + e, a


Â


Capital A with
circumflex


Alt + 0194


00C2


Â


Â


Ctrl + Shift + 6 + a


Option + i, A


â


Lowercase a with
circumflex


Alt + 131

Alt + 0226


00E2


â


â


Ctrl + Shift + 6, a


Option + i, a


Ã


Capital A with tilde


Alt + 0195


00C3


Ã


Ã


Ctrl + Shift + ` + a


Option + n, A


ã


Lowercase a with tilde


Alt + 0227


00E3


ã


ã


Ctrl + Shift + `, a


Option + n, a


Ä


Capital A with umlaut


Alt + 142

Alt + 0196


00C4


Ä


Ä


Ctrl + Shift + ; + a


Option + u, A


ä


Lowercase a with umlaut


Alt + 132

Alt + 0228


00E4


ä


ä


Ctrl + Shift + ;, a


Option + u, a


Å


Capital A with ring
above


Alt + 143

Alt + 0197


00C5


Å


Å


Ctrl + Shift + 2 + a


Option + Shift + a


å


Lowercase a with ring
above


Alt + 134

Alt + 0229


00E5


å


å


Ctrl + Shift + 2, a


Option + a


Ā


Capital A with macron


Alt + 0256


0100


 

Ā


 

 

ā


Lowercase a with macron


Alt + 0257


0101


 

ā


 

 

Ă


Capital A with breve


Alt + 0258


0102


 

Ă


 

 

ă


Lowercase a with breve


Alt + 0259


0103


 

ă


 

 

Ą


Capital A with ogonek


Alt + 0260


0104


 

Ą


 

 

ą


Lowercase a with ogonek


Alt + 0261


0105


 

ą


 

 

Ǎ


Capital A with caron


Alt + 0461


01CD


 

Ǎ


 

 

ǎ


Lowercase a with caron


Alt + 0462


01CE


 

ǎ


 

 

Ǻ


Capital A with ring
above and acute


Alt + 0506


01FA


 

Ǻ


 

 

ǻ


Lowercase a with ring
above and acute


Alt + 0507


01FB


 

ǻ


 

 

Ạ


Capital A with dot below

Alt + 7840


1EA0


 

Ạ


 

 

ạ


Lowercase a with dot
below


Alt + 7841


1EA1


 

ạ


 

 

Ả


Capital A with hook
above


Alt + 7842


1EA2


 

Ả


 

 

ả


Lowercase a with hook
above


Alt + 7843


1EA3


 

ả


 

 

Ấ


Capital A with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7844


1EA4


 

Ấ


 

 

ấ


Lowercase a with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7845


1EA5


 

ấ


 

 

Ầ


Capital A with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7846


1EA6


 

Ầ


 

 

ầ


Lowercase a with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7847


1EA7


 

ầ


 

 

Ẩ


Capital A with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7848


1EA8


 

Ẩ


 

 

ẩ


Lowercase a with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7849


1EA9


 

ẩ


 

 

Ẫ


Capital A with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7850


1EAA


 

Ẫ


 

 

ẫ


Lowercase a with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7851


1EAB


 

ẫ


 

 

Ậ


Capital A with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7852


1EAC


 

Ậ


 

 

ậ


Lowercase a with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7853


1EAD


 

ậ


 

 

Ắ


Capital A with breve and
acute


Alt + 7854


1EAE


 

Ắ


 

 

ắ


Lowercase a with breve
and acute


Alt + 7855


1EAF


 

ắ


 

 

Ằ


Capital A with breve and
grave


Alt + 7856


1EB0


 

Ằ


 

 

ằ


Lowercase a with breve
and grave


Alt + 7857


1EB1


 

ằ


 

 

Ẳ


Capital A with breve and
hook above


Alt + 7858


1EB2


 

Ẳ


 

 

ẳ


Lowercase a with breve
and hook above


Alt + 7859


1EB3


 

ẳ


 

 

Ẵ


Capital A with breve and
tilde


Alt + 7860


1EB4


 

Ẵ


 

 

ẵ


Lowercase a with breve
and tilde


Alt + 7861


1EB5


 

ẵ


 

 

Ặ


Capital A with breve and
dot below


Alt + 7862


1EB6


 

Ặ


 

 

ặ


Lowercase a with breve
and dot below


Alt + 7863


1EB7


 

ặ


 

 

C



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ç


Capital C with cedilla


Alt + 128

Alt + 0199


00C7


Ç


Ç


Ctrl + , + Shift + c


Option + Shift + c


ç


Lowercase c with cedilla

Alt + 135

Alt + 0231


00E7


ç


ç


Ctrl + Shift + 6, a


Option + c


Ć


Capital C with acute


Alt + 0262


0106


 

Ć


 

 

ć


Lowercase c with acute


Alt + 0263


0107


 

ć


 

 

Ĉ


Capital C with
circumflex


Alt + 0264


0108


 

Ĉ


 

 

ĉ


Lowercase c with
circumflex


Alt + 0265


0109


 

ĉ


 

 

Ċ


Capital C with dot above

Alt + 0266


010A


 

Ċ


 

 

ċ


Lowercase c with dot
above


Alt + 0267


010B


 

ċ


 

 

Č


Capital C with caron


Alt + 0268


010C


 

Č


 

 

č


Lowercase c with caron


Alt + 0269


010D


 

č


 

 

D



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ď


Capital D with caron


Alt + 0270


010E


 

Ď


 

 

ď


Lowercase d with caron


Alt + 0271


010F


 

ď


 

 

Đ


Capital D with stroke


Alt + 0272


0110


 

Đ


 

 

đ


Lowercase d with stroke


Alt + 0273


0111


 

đ


 

 

E



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


È


Capital E with grave


Alt + 0200


00C8


È


È


Ctrl + ` + Shift + e


Option + `, E


è


Lowercase e with grave


Alt + 138

Alt + 0232


00E8


è


è


Ctrl + ` + e


Option + `, e


É


Capital E with acute


Alt + 144

Alt + 0201


00C9


É


É


Ctrl + ' + Shift + e


Option + e, E


é


Lowercase e with acute


Alt + 130

Alt + 0233


00E9


é


é


Ctrl + ' + e


Option + e, e


Ê


Capital E with
circumflex


Alt + 0202


00CA


Ê


Ê


Ctrl + Shift + 6 + e


Option + i, E


ê


Lowercase e with
circumflex


Alt + 136

Alt + 0234


00EA


ê


ê


Ctrl + Shift + 6, e


Option + i, e


Ë


Capital E with umlaut


Alt + 0203


00CB


Ë


Ë


Ctrl + Shift + ; + e


Option + u, E


ë


Lowercase e with umlaut


Alt + 137

Alt + 0235


00EB


ë


ë


Ctrl + Shift + ;, e


Option + u, e


Ē


Capital E with macron


Alt + 0274


0112


 

Ē


 

 

ē


Lowercase e with macron


Alt + 0275


0113


 

ē


 

 

Ĕ


Capital E with breve


Alt + 0276


0114


 

Ĕ


 

 

ĕ


Lowercase e with breve


Alt + 0277


0115


 

ĕ


 

 

Ė


Capital E with dot above

Alt + 0278


0116


 

Ė


 

 

ė


Lowercase e with dot
above


Alt + 0279


0117


 

ė


 

 

Ę


Capital E with ogonek


Alt + 0280


0118


 

Ę


 

 

ę


Lowercase e with ogonek


Alt + 0281


0119


 

ę


 

 

Ě


Capital E with caron


Alt + 0282


011A


 

Ě


 

 

ě


Lowercase e with caron


Alt + 0283


011B


 

ě


 

 

Ẹ


Capital E with dot below

Alt + 7864


1EB8


 

Ẹ


 

 

ẹ


Lowercase e with dot
below


Alt + 7865


1EB9


 

ẹ


 

 

Ẻ


Capital E with hook
above


Alt + 7866


1EBA


 

Ẻ


 

 

ẻ


Lowercase e with hook
above


Alt + 7867


1EBB


 

ẻ


 

 

Ẽ


Capital E with tilde


Alt + 7868


1EBC


 

Ẽ


 

 

ẽ


Lowercase e with tilde


Alt + 7869


1EBD


 

ẽ


 

 

Ế


Capital E with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7870


1EBE


 

Ế


 

 

ế


Lowercase e with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7871


1EBF


 

ế


 

 

Ề


Capital E with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7872


1EC0


 

Ề


 

 

ề


Lowercase e with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7873


1EC1


 

ề


 

 

Ể


Capital E with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7874


1EC2


 

Ể


 

 

ể


Lowercase e with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7875


1EC3


 

ể


 

 

Ễ


Capital E with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7876


1EC4


 

Ễ


 

 

ễ


Lowercase e with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7877


1EC5


 

ễ


 

 

Ệ


Capital E with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7878


1EC6


 

Ệ


 

 

ệ


Lowercase e with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7879


1EC7


 

ệ


 

 

F



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


ƒ


Lowercase f with hook


Alt + 159

Alt + 0402


0192


 

ƒ


 

 

G



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ĝ


Capital G with
circumflex


Alt + 0284


011C


 

Ĝ


 

 

ĝ


Lowercase g with
circumflex


Alt + 0285


011D


 

ĝ


 

 

Ğ


Capital G with breve


Alt + 0286


011E


 

Ğ


 

 

ğ


Lowercase g with breve


Alt + 0287


011F


 

ğ


 

 

Ġ


Capital G with dot above

Alt + 0288


0120


 

Ġ


 

 

ġ


Lowercase g with dot
above


Alt + 0289


0121


 

ġ


 

 

Ģ


Capital G with cedilla


Alt + 0290


0122


 

Ģ


 

 

ģ


Lowercase g with cedilla

Alt + 0291


0123


 

ģ


 

 

H



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ĥ


Capital H with
circumflex


Alt + 0292


0124


 

Ĥ


 

 

ĥ


Lowercase h with
circumflex


Alt + 0293


0125


 

ĥ


 

 

Ħ


Capital H with stroke


Alt + 0294


0126


 

Ħ


 

 

ħ


Lowercase h with stroke


Alt + 0295


0127


 

ħ


 

 

I



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ì


Capital I with grave


Alt + 0204


00CC


Ì


Ì


Ctrl + ` + Shift + i


Option + `, I


ì


Lowercase i with grave


Alt + 141

Alt + 0236


00EC


ì


ì


Ctrl + ` + i


Option + `, i


Í


Capital I with acute


Alt + 0205


00CD


Í


Í


Ctrl + ' + Shift + i


Option + e, I


í


Lowercase i with acute


Alt + 161

Alt + 0237


00ED


í


í


Ctrl + ' + i


Option + e, i


Î


Capital I with
circumflex


Alt + 0206


00CE


Î


Î


Ctrl + Shift + 6 + i


Option + i, I


î


Lowercase i with
circumflex


Alt + 140

Alt + 0238


00EE


î


î


Ctrl + Shift + 6, i


Option + i, i


Ï


Capital I with umlaut


Alt + 0207


00CF


Ï


Ï


Ctrl + Shift + ; + i


Option + u, I


ï


Lowercase i with umlaut


Alt + 139

Alt + 0239


00EF


ï


ï


Ctrl + Shift + ;, i


Option + u, i


Ĩ


Capital I with tilde


Alt + 0296


0128


 

Ĩ


 

 

ĩ


Lowercase i with tilde


Alt + 0297


0129


 

ĩ


 

 

Ī


Capital I with macron


Alt + 0298


012A


 

Ī


 

 

ī


Lowercase i with macron


Alt + 0299


012B


 

ī


 

 

Ĭ


Capital I with breve


Alt + 0300


012C


 

Ĭ


 

 

ĭ


Lowercase i with breve


Alt + 0301


012D


 

ĭ


 

 

Į


Capital I with ogonek


Alt + 0302


012E


 

Į


 

 

į


Lowercase i with ogonek


Alt + 0303


012F


 

į


 

 

İ


Capital I with dot above

Alt + 0304


0130


 

İ


 

 

ı


Lowercase dotless i


Alt + 0305


0131


 

ı


 

 

Ǐ


Capital I with caron


Alt + 0463


01CF


 

Ǐ


 

 

ǐ


Lowercase i with caron


Alt + 0464


01D0


 

ǐ


 

 

Ỉ


Capital I with hook
above


Alt + 7880


1EC8


 

Ỉ


 

 

ỉ


Lowercase i with hook
above


Alt + 7881


1EC9


 

ỉ


 

 

Ị


Capital I with dot below

Alt + 7882


1ECA


 

Ị


 

 

ị


Lowercase i with dot
below


Alt + 7883


1ECB


 

ị


 

 

J



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ĵ


Capital J with
circumflex


Alt + 0308


0134


 

Ĵ


 

 

ĵ


Lowercase j with
circumflex


Alt + 0309


0135


 

ĵ


 

 

K



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ķ


Capital K with cedilla


Alt + 0310


0136


 

Ķ


 

 

ķ


Lowercase k with cedilla

Alt + 0311


0137


 

ķ


 

 

L



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ĺ


Capital L with acute


Alt + 0313


0139


 

Ĺ


 

 

ĺ


Lowercase l with acute


Alt + 0314


013A


 

ĺ


 

 

Ļ


Capital L with cedilla


Alt + 0315


013B


 

Ļ


 

 

ļ


Lowercase l with cedilla

Alt + 0316


013C


 

ļ


 

 

Ľ


Capital L with caron


Alt + 0317


013D


 

Ľ


 

 

ľ


Lowercase l with caron


Alt + 0318


013E


 

ľ


 

 

Ŀ


Capital L with middle
dot


Alt + 0319


013F


 

Ŀ


 

 

ŀ


Lowercase l with middle
dot


Alt + 0320


0140


 

ŀ


 

 

Ł


Capital L with stroke


Alt + 0321


0141


 

Ł


 

 

ł


Lowercase l with stroke


Alt + 0322


0142


 

ł


 

 

ℓ


Script lowercase l


Alt + 8467


2113


 

ℓ


 

 

N



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ñ


Capital N with tilde


Alt + 165

Alt + 0209


00D1


Ñ


Ñ


Ctrl + Shift + ` + n


Option + n, N


ñ


Lowercase n with tilde


Alt + 164

Alt + 0241


00F1


ñ


ñ


Ctrl + Shift + `, n


Option + n, n


Ń


Capital N with acute


Alt + 0323


0143


 

Ń


 

 

ń


Lowercase n with acute


Alt + 0324


0144


 

ń


 

 

Ņ


Capital N with cedilla


Alt + 0325


0145


 

Ņ


 

 

ņ


Lowercase n with cedilla

Alt + 0326


0146


 

ņ


 

 

Ň


Capital N with caron


Alt + 0327


0147


 

Ň


 

 

ň


Lowercase n with caron


Alt + 0328


0148


 

ň


 

 

ʼn


Lowercase n preceded by

apostrophe


Alt + 0329


0149


 

ʼn


 

 

O



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ò


Capital O with grave


Alt + 0210


00D2


Ò


Ò


Ctrl + ` + Shift + o


Option + `, O


ò


Lowercase o with grave


Alt + 149

Alt + 0242


00F2


ò


ò


Ctrl + ` + o


Option + `, o


Ó


Capital O with acute


Alt + 0211


00D3


Ó


Ó


Ctrl + ' + Shift + o


Option + e, O


ó


Lowercase o with acute


Alt + 162

Alt + 0243


00F3


ó


ó


Ctrl + ` + o


Option + e, o


Ô


Capital O with
circumflex


Alt + 0212


00D4


Ô


Ô


Ctrl + Shift + 6 + o


Option + i, O


ô


Lowercase o with
circumflex


Alt + 147

Alt + 0244


00F4


ô


ô


Ctrl + Shift + 6, o


Option + i, o


Õ


Capital O with tilde


Alt + 0213


00D5


Õ


Õ


Ctrl + Shift + ` + o


Option + n, O


õ


Lowercase o with tilde


Alt + 0245


00F5


õ


õ


Ctrl + Shift + `, o


Option + n, o


Ö


Capital O with umlaut


Alt + 153

Alt + 0214


00D6


Ö


Ö


Ctrl + Shift + ; + o


Option + u, O


ö


Lowercase o with umlaut


Alt + 148

Alt + 0246


00F6


ö


ö


Ctrl + Shift + ;, o


Option + u, o


Ø


Capital O with slash


Alt + 0216


00D8


Ø


Ø


Ctrl + / + Shift + o


Option + Shift + o


ø


Lowercase o with slash


Alt + 0248


00F8


ø


ø


Ctrl + / + o


Option + o


Ō


Capital O with macron


Alt + 0332


014C


 

Ō


 

 

ō


Lowercase o with macron


Alt + 0333


014D


 

ō


 

 

Ŏ


Capital O with breve


Alt + 0334


014E


 

Ŏ


 

 

ŏ


Lowercase o with breve


Alt + 0335


014F


 

ŏ


 

 

Ő


Capital O with double
acute


Alt + 0336


0150


 

Ő


 

 

ő


Lowercase o with double
acute


Alt + 0337


0151


 

ő


 

 

Ơ


Capital O with horn


Alt + 0416


01A0


 

Ơ


 

 

ơ


Lowercase o with horn


Alt + 0417


01A1


 

ơ


 

 

Ǒ


Capital O with caron


Alt + 0465


01D1


 

Ǒ


 

 

ǒ


Lowercase o with caron


Alt + 0466


01D2


 

ǒ


 

 

Ǿ


Capital O with stroke
and acute


Alt + 0510


01FE


 

Ǿ


 

 

ǿ


Lowercase o with stroke
and acute


Alt + 0511


01FF


 

ǿ


 

 

Ọ


Capital O with dot below

Alt + 7884


1ECC


 

Ọ


 

 

ọ


Lowercase o with dot
below


Alt + 7885


1ECD


 

ọ


 

 

Ỏ


Capital O with hook
above


Alt + 7886


1ECE


 

Ỏ


 

 

ỏ


Lowercase o with hook
above


Alt + 7887


1ECF


 

ỏ


 

 

Ố


Capital O with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7888


1ED0


 

Ố


 

 

ố


Lowercase o with
circumflex and acute


Alt + 7889


1ED1


 

ố


 

 

Ồ


Capital O with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7890


1ED2


 

Ồ


 

 

ồ


Lowercase o with
circumflex and grave


Alt + 7891


1ED3


 

ồ


 

 

Ổ


Capital O with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7892


1ED4


 

Ổ


 

 

ổ


Lowercase o with
circumflex and hook above


Alt + 7893


1ED5


 

ổ


 

 

Ỗ


Capital O with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7894


1ED6


 

Ỗ


 

 

ỗ


Lowercase o with
circumflex and tilde


Alt + 7895


1ED7


 

ỗ


 

 

Ộ


Capital O with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7896


1ED8


 

Ộ


 

 

ộ


Lowercase o with
circumflex and dot below


Alt + 7897


1ED9


 

ộ


 

 

Ớ


Capital O with horn and
acute


Alt + 7898


1EDA


 

Ớ


 

 

ớ


Lowercase o with horn
and acute


Alt + 7899


1EDB


 

ớ


 

 

Ờ


Capital O with horn and
grave


Alt + 7900


1EDC


 

Ờ


 

 

ờ


Lowercase o with horn
and grave


Alt + 7901


1EDD


 

ờ


 

 

Ở


Capital O with horn and
hook above


Alt + 7902


1EDE


 

Ở


 

 

ở


Lowercase o with horn
and hook above


Alt + 7903


1EDF


 

ở


 

 

Ỡ


Capital O with horn and
tilde


Alt + 7904


1EE0


 

Ỡ


 

 

ỡ


Lowercase o with horn
and tilde


Alt + 7905


1EE1


 

ỡ


 

 

Ợ


Capital O with horn and
dot below


Alt + 7906


1EE2


 

Ợ


 

 

ợ


Lowercase o with horn
and dot below


Alt + 7907


1EE3


 

ợ


 

 

R



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ŕ


Capital R with acute


Alt + 0340


0154


 

Ŕ


 

 

ŕ


Lowercase r with acute


Alt + 0341


0155


 

ŕ


 

 

Ŗ


Capital R with cedilla


Alt + 0342


0156


 

Ŗ


 

 

ŗ


Lowercase r with cedilla

Alt + 0343


0157


 

ŗ


 

 

Ř


Capital R with caron


Alt + 0344


0158


 

Ř


 

 

ř


Lowercase r with caron


Alt + 0345


0159


 

ř


 

 

S



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ś


Capital S with acute


Alt + 0346


015A


 

Ś


 

 

ś


Lowercase s with acute


Alt + 0347


015B


 

ś


 

 

Ŝ


Capital S with
circumflex


Alt + 0348


015C


 

Ŝ


 

 

ŝ


Lowercase s with
circumflex


Alt + 0349


015D


 

ŝ


 

 

Ş


Capital S with cedilla


Alt + 0350


015E


 

Ş


 

 

ş


Lowercase s with cedilla

Alt + 0351


015F


 

ş


 

 

Š


Capital S with caron


Alt + 0352


0160


 

Š


Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 6 +
s


 

š


Lowercase s with caron


Alt + 0353


0161


 

š


Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 6,
s


 

T



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ţ


Capital T with cedilla


Alt + 0354


0162


 

Ţ


 

 

ţ


Lowercase t with cedilla

Alt + 0355


0163


 

ţ


 

 

Ť


Capital T with caron


Alt + 0356


0164


 

Ť


 

 

ť


Lowercase t with caron


Alt + 0357


0165


 

ť


 

 

Ŧ


Capital T with stroke


Alt + 0358


0166


 

Ŧ


 

 

ŧ


Lowercase t with stroke


Alt + 0359


0167


 

ŧ


 

 

U



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ù


Capital U with grave


Alt + 0217


00D9


Ù


Ù


Ctrl + ` + Shift + u


Option + `, U


ù


Lowercase u with grave


Alt + 151

Alt + 0249


00F9


ù


ù


Ctrl + ` + u


Option + `, u


Ú


Capital U with acute


Alt + 0218


00DA


Ú


Ú


Ctrl + ' + Shift + u


Option + e, U


ú


Lowercase u with acute


Alt + 163

Alt + 0250


00F9


ú


ú


Ctrl + ' + u


Option + e, u


Û


Capital U with
circumflex


Alt + 0219


00DB


Û


Û


Ctrl + Shift + 6 + u


Option + i, U


û


Lowercase u with
circumflex


Alt + 150

Alt + 0251


00FB


û


û


Ctrl + Shift + 6, u


Option + i, u


Ü


Capital U with umlaut


Alt + 154

Alt + 0220


00DC


Ü


Ü


Ctrl + Shift + ; + u


Option + u, U


ü


Lowercase u with umlaut


Alt + 129

Alt + 0252


00FC


ü


ü


Ctrl + Shift + ;, u


Option + u, u


Ũ


Capital U with tilde


Alt + 0360


0168


 

Ũ


 

 

ũ


Lowercase u with tilde


Alt + 0361


0169


 

ũ


 

 

Ū


Capital U with macron


Alt + 0362


016A


 

Ū


 

 

ū


Lowercase u with macron


Alt + 0363


016B


 

ū


 

 

Ŭ


Capital U with breve


Alt + 0364


016C


 

Ŭ


 

 

ŭ


Lowercase u with breve


Alt + 0365


016D


 

ŭ


 

 

Ů


Capital U with ring
above


Alt + 0366


016E


 

Ů


 

 

ů


Lowercase u with ring
above


Alt + 0367


016F


 

ů


 

 

Ű


Capital U with double
acute


Alt + 0368


0170


 

Ű


 

 

ű


Lowercase u with double
acute


Alt + 0369


0171


 

ű


 

 

Ų


Capital U with ogonek


Alt + 0370


0172


 

Ų


 

 

ų


Lowercase u with ogonek


Alt + 0371


0173


 

ų


 

 

Ư


Capital U with horn


Alt + 0431


01AF


 

Ư


 

 

ư


Lowercase u with horn


Alt + 0432


01B0


 

ư


 

 

Ǔ


Capital U with caron


Alt + 0467


01D3


 

Ǔ


 

 

ǔ


Lowercase u with caron


Alt + 0468


01D4


 

ǔ


 

 

Ǖ


Capital U with umlaut
and macron


Alt + 0469


01D5


 

Ǖ


 

 

ǖ


Lowercase u with umlaut
and macron


Alt + 0470


01D6


 

ǖ


 

 

Ǘ


Lowercase u with umlaut
and macron


Alt + 0470


01D6


 

ǖ


 

 

Ǘ


Capital U with umlaut
and acute


Alt + 0471


01D7


 

Ǘ


 

 

ǘ


Lowercase u with umlaut
and acute


Alt + 0472


01D8


 

ǘ


 

 

Ǚ


Capital U with umlaut
and caron


Alt + 0473


01D9


 

Ǚ


 

 

ǚ


Lowercase u with umlaut
and caron


Alt + 0474


01DA


 

ǚ


 

 

Ǜ


Capital U with umlaut
and grave


Alt + 0475


01DB


 

Ǜ


 

 

ǜ


Lowercase u with umlaut
and grave


Alt + 0476


01DC


 

ǜ


 

 

Ụ


Capital U with dot below

Alt + 7908


1EE4


 

Ụ


 

 

ụ


Lowercase u with dot
below


Alt + 7909


1EE5


 

ụ


 

 

Ủ


Capital U with hook
above


Alt + 7910


1EE6


 

Ủ


 

 

ủ


Lowercase u with hook
above


Alt + 7911


1EE7


 

ủ


 

 

Ứ


Capital U with horn and
acute


Alt + 7912


1EE8


 

Ứ


 

 

ứ


Lowercase u with horn
and acute


Alt + 7913


1EE9


 

ứ


 

 

Ừ


Capital U with horn and
grave


Alt + 7914


1EEA


 

Ừ


 

 

ừ


Lowercase u with horn
and grave


Alt + 7915


1EEB


 

ừ


 

 

Ử


Capital U with horn and
hook above


Alt + 7916


1EEC


 

Ử


 

 

ử


Lowercase u with horn
and hook above


Alt + 7917


1EED


 

ử


 

 

Ữ


Capital U with horn and
tilde


Alt + 7918


1EEE


 

Ữ


 

 

ữ


Lowercase u with horn
and tilde


Alt + 7919


1EEF


 

ữ


 

 

Ự


Capital U with horn and
dot below


Alt + 7920


1EF0


 

Ự


 

 

ự


Lowercase u with horn
and dot below


Alt + 7921


1EF1


 

ự


 

 

W



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ŵ


Capital W with
circumflex


Alt + 0372


0174


 

Ŵ


 

 

ŵ


Lowercase w with
circumflex


Alt + 0373


0175


 

ŵ


 

 

Ẁ


Capital W with grave


Alt + 7808


1E80


 

Ẁ


 

 

ẁ


Lowercase w with grave


Alt + 7809


1E81


 

ẁ


 

 

Ẃ


Capital W with acute


Alt + 7810


1E82


 

Ẃ


 

 

ẃ


Lowercase w with acute


Alt + 7811


1E83


 

ẃ


 

 

Ẅ


Capital W with umlaut


Alt + 7812


1E84


 

Ẅ


 

 

ẅ


Lowercase w with umlaut


Alt + 7813


1E85


 

ẅ


 

 

Y



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ý


Capital Y with acute


Alt + 0221


00DD


Ý


Ý


Ctrl + ' + Shift + y


Option + e, Y


ý


Lowercase y with acute


Alt + 0253


00FD


ý


ý


Ctrl + ' + y


Option + e, y


Ÿ


Capital Y with umlaut


Alt + 0376


0178


 

Ÿ


Ctrl + Shift + ; + y


Option + u, Y


ÿ


Lowercase y with umlaut


Alt + 152

Alt + 0255


00FF


ÿ


ÿ


Ctrl + Shift + ;, y


Option + u, y


Ŷ


Capital Y with
circumflex


Alt + 0374


0176


 

Ŷ


 

Option + i, Y


ŷ


Lowercase y with
circumflex


Alt + 0375


0177


 

ŷ


 

Option + i, y


Ỳ


Capital Y with grave


Alt + 7922


1EF2


 

Ỳ


 

Option + `, Y


ỳ


Lowercase y with grave


Alt + 7923


1EF3


 

ỳ


 

Option + `, y


Ỵ


Capital Y with dot below

Alt + 7924


1EF4


 

Ỵ


 

 

ỵ


Lowercase y with dot
below


Alt + 7925


1EF5


 

ỵ


 

 

Ỷ


Capital Y with hook
above


Alt + 7926


1EF6


 

Ỷ


 

 

ỷ


Lowercase y with hook
above


Alt + 7927


1EF7


 

ỷ


 

 

Ỹ


Capital Y with tilde


Alt + 7928


1EF8


 

Ỹ


 

 

ỹ


Lowercase y with tilde


Alt + 7929


1EF9


 

ỹ


 

 

Z



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Ź


Capital Z with acute


Alt + 0377


0179


 

Ź


 

 

ź


Lowercase z with acute


Alt + 0378


017A


 

ź


 

 

Ż


Capital Z with dot above

Alt + 0379


017B


 

Ż


 

 

ż


Lowercase z with dot
above


Alt + 0380


017C


 

ż


 

 

Ž


Capital Z with caron


Alt + 0381


017D


 

Ž


 

 

ž


Lowercase z with caron


Alt + 0382


017E


 

ž


 

 

Other
Letters



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


Æ


Capital AE


Alt + 146

Alt + 0198


00C6


Æ


Æ


Ctrl + Shift + 7 + a


Option + Shift + '


æ


Lowercase ae


Alt + 145

Alt + 0230


00E6


æ


æ


Ctrl + Shift + 7, a


Option + '


Ǽ


Capital AE with acute


Alt + 0508


01FC


 

Ǽ


 

 

ǽ


Lowercase ae with acute


Alt + 0509


01FD


 

ǽ


 

 

IJ


Capital IJ


Alt + 0306


0132


 

IJ


 

 

ij


Lowercase ij


Alt + 0307


0133


 

ij


 

 

ĸ


Lowercase kra


Alt + 0312


0138


 

ĸ


 

 

Ŋ


Capital Eng


Alt + 0330


014A


 

Ŋ


 

 

ŋ


Lowercase eng


Alt + 0331


014B


 

ŋ


 

 

Œ


Capital OE


Alt + 0338


0152


Œ


Œ


Ctrl + Shift + 7 + o


Option + Shift + q


œ


Lowercase oe


Alt + 0339


0153


œ


œ


Ctrl + Shift + 7, o


Option + q


ſ


Lowercase long s


Alt + 0383


017F


 

ſ


 

 

ß


Lowercase sharp s


Alt + 0223


00DF


ß


ß


Ctrl + Shift + 7, s


Option + s


Ə


Capital Schwa


Alt + 0399


018F


 

Ə


 

 

ə


Lowercase schwa


Alt + 0601


0259


 

ə


 

 

Ð


Capital Eth (Icelandic)


Alt + 0208


00D0


Ð


Ð


Ctrl + ' + Shift + d


 

ð


Lowercase eth
(Icelandic)


Alt + 0240


00F0


ð


ð


Ctrl + ' + d


 

Þ


Capital Thorn
(Icelandic)


Alt + 0222


00DE


Þ


Þ


 

 

þ


Lowercase thorn
(Icelandic)


Alt + 0254


00FE


þ


þ


 

 

Numbers



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


¹


Superscript one


Alt + 0185


00B9


¹


¹


 

 

²


Superscript two


Alt + 253

Alt + 0178


00B2


²


²


 

 

³


Superscript three


Alt + 0179


00B3


³


³


 

 

½


Vulgar fraction one half

Alt + 171

Alt + 0189


00BD


½


½


 

 

⅓


Vulgar fraction one
third


Alt + 8531


2153


 

⅓


 

 

⅔


Vulgar fraction two
thirds


Alt + 8532


2154


 

⅔


 

 

¼


Vulgar fraction one
quarter


Alt + 172

Alt + 0188


00BC


¼


¼


 

 

¾


Vulgar fraction three
quarters


Alt + 0190


00BE


¾


¾


 

 

⅛


Vulgar fraction one
eighth


Alt + 8539


215B


 

⅛


 

 

⅜


Vulgar fraction three
eighths


Alt + 8540


215C


 

⅜


 

 

⅝


Vulgar fraction five
eighths


Alt + 8541


215D


 

⅝


 

 

⅞


Vulgar fraction seven
eighths


Alt + 8542


215E


 

⅞


 

 

Punctuation



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


‼


Double exclamation mark


Alt + 19

Alt + 8252


203C


 

‼


 

 

¡


Inverted exclamation
mark


Alt + 173

Alt + 0161


00A1


¡


¡


Ctrl + Alt + Shift + 1


Option + 1


¿


Inverted question mark


Alt + 168

Alt + 0191


00BF


¿


¿


Ctrl + Alt + Shift + /


Option + Shift + ?


‽


Interrobang


Alt + 8253


203D


 

‽


 

 

"


Left double quotation
mark


Alt + 0147

Alt + 8220


201C


“


“


 

Option + [


"


Right double quotation
mark


Alt + 0148

Alt + 8221


201D


”


”


 

Option + Shift + [


„


Double low-9 quotation
mark


Alt + 8222


201E


„


„


 

Option + Shift + w


'


Left single quotation
mark


Alt + 0145

Alt + 8216


2018


‘


‘


 

Option + ]


'


Right single quotation
mark


Alt + 0146

Alt + 8217


2019


’


’


 

Option + Shift + ]


‚


Single low-9 quotation
mark


Alt + 8218


201A


‚


‚


 

 

‛


Single high-reversed-9
quotation mark


Alt + 8219


201B


 

‛


 

 

«


Left-pointing double
angle quotation mark


Alt + 174

Alt + 0171


00AB


«


«


 

Option + \


»


Right-pointing double
angle quotation mark


Alt + 175

Alt + 0187


00BB


»


»


 

Option + Shift + \


‹


Single left-pointing
angle quotation mark


Alt + 0139

Alt + 8249


2039


‹


‹


 

Option + Shift + 3


›


Single right-pointing
angle quotation mark


Alt + 0155

Alt + 8250


203A


›


›


 

Option + Shift + 4


...


Horizontal ellipsis


Alt + 8230


2026


 

…


 

Option + ;


-


En dash


Alt + 0150

Alt + 8211


2013


 

–

–


 

Option + -


—


Em dash


Alt + 0151

Alt + 8212


2014


 

—

—


 

Option + Shift + -


―


Horizontal bar


Alt + 8213


2015


 

―


 

 

‗


Double low line


Alt + 8215


2017


 

‗


 

 

‾


Overline


Alt + 8254


203E


‾


‾


 

 

‌


Zero width non-joiner


Alt + 8204


200C


 

‌


 

 

‍


Zero width joiner


Alt + 8205


200D


 

‍


 

 

Diacritical
Marks



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


¨


Umlaut


Alt + 0168


00A8


¨

&die;


¨


 

Option + Shift + u


¯


Macron


Alt + 0175


00AF


¯

&hibar;


¯


 

 

´


Acute


Alt + 0180


00B4


´


´


Ctrl + ' + Spacebar


 

¸


Cedilla


Alt + 0184


00B8


¸


¸


Ctrl + , + Spacebar


 

ˆ


Modifier letter
circumflex


Alt + 0710


02C6


 

ˆ


Ctrl + Shift + 6, Space


 

ˇ


Caron


Alt + 0711


02C7


 

ˇ


 

 

ˉ


Modifier letter macron


Alt + 0713


02C9


 

ˉ


 

 

˘


Breve


Alt + 0728


02D8


 

˘


 

 

˙


Dot above


Alt + 0729


02D9


 

˙


 

 

˚


Ring above


Alt + 0730


02DA


 

˚


 

 

˛


Ogonek


Alt + 0731


02DB


 

˛


 

 

˜


Small tilde


Alt + 0732


02DC


 

˜


 

 

˝


Double acute


Alt + 0733


02DD


 

˝


 

 

̀


Combining grave accent


Alt + 0768


0300


 

̀


 

 

́


Combining acute accent


Alt + 0769


0301


 

́


 

 

̃


Combining tilde


Alt + 0771


0303


 

̃


 

 

̉


Combining hook above


Alt + 0777


0309


 

̉


 

 

̣


Combining dot below


Alt + 0803


0323


 

̣


 

 

Currency
Symbols



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


¢


Cent sign


Alt + 155

Alt + 0162


00A2


¢


¢


Ctrl + / + c


Option + 4


£


Pound sign


Alt + 156

Alt + 0163


00A3


£


£


 

Option + 3


¤


General currency sign


Alt + 0164


00A4


¤


¤


 

Option + Shift + 2


¥


Yen sign


Alt + 157

Alt + 0165


00A5


¥


¥


 

Option + y


₣


French franc sign


Alt + 8355


20A3


 

₣


 

 

₤


Lira sign


Alt + 8356


20A4


 

₤


 

 

₧


Peseta sign


Alt + 158

Alt + 8359


20A7


 

₧


 

 

₪


New sheqel sign


Alt + 8362


20AA


 

₪


 

 

₫


Dong sign


Alt + 8363


20AB


 

₫


 

 

€


Euro sign


Alt + 0128

Alt + 8364


20AC


 

€


 

 

Miscellaneous Legal and Technical



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


§


Section sign


Alt + 21

Alt + 0167


00A7


§


§


 

Option + 6


©


Copyright sign


Alt + 0169


00A9


©


©


Ctrl + Alt + c


Option + g


®


Registered trademark
sign


Alt + 0174


00AE


®


®


Ctrl + Alt + r


Option + r


ª


Feminine ordinal
indicator


Alt + 166

Alt + 0170


00AA


ª


ª


 

Option + 9


¬


Not sign


Alt + 170

Alt + 0172


00AC


¬


¬


 

Option + l


⌐


Reversed not sign


Alt + 169

Alt + 8976


2310


 

⌐


 

 

µ


Micro sign


Alt + 0181


00B5


µ


µ


 

Option + m


†


Dagger


Alt + 0134


2020


†


†


 

Option + t


‡


Double dagger


Alt + 0135


2021


‡


‡


 

Option + Shift + 7


‰


Per mille sign


Alt + 0137

Alt + 8240


2030


‰


‰


 

Option + Shift + r


′


Prime


Alt + 8242


2032


 

′


 

 

″


Double prime


Alt + 8243


2033


 

″


 

 

℅


Care of


Alt + 8453


2105


 

℅


 

 

№


Numero sign


Alt + 8470


2116


 

№


 

 

™


Trademark sign


Alt + 0153

Alt + 8482


2122


™


™


 

Option + 2


Ω


Ohm sign


Alt + 8486


2126


 

Ω


 

Option + z


⌂


House


Alt + 127

Alt + 8962


2302


 

⌂


 

 

Shapes
and Shading



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


▀


Upper half block


Alt + 223

Alt + 9600


2580


 

▀


 

 

▄


Lower half block


Alt + 220

Alt + 9604


2584


 

▄


 

 

█


Full block


Alt + 219

Alt + 9608


2588


 

█


 

 

▌


Left half block


Alt + 221

Alt + 9612


258C


 

▌


 

 

▐


Right half block


Alt + 222

Alt + 9616


2590


 

▐


 

 

░


Light shade


Alt + 176

Alt + 9617


2591


 

░


 

 

▒


Medium shade


Alt + 177

Alt + 9618


2592


 

▒


 

 

▓


Dark shade


Alt + 178

Alt + 9619


2593


 

▓


 

 

■


Black square


Alt + 254

Alt + 9632


25A0


 

■


 

 

□


White square


Alt + 9633


25A1


 

□


 

 

▪


Black small square


Alt + 9642


25AA


 

▪


 

 

▫


White small square


Alt + 9643


25AB


 

▫


 

 

▬


Black rectangle


Alt + 22

Alt + 9644


25AC


 

▬


 

 

▲


Black up-pointing
triangle


Alt + 30

Alt + 9650


25B2


 

▲


 

 

►


Black right-pointing
pointer


Alt + 16

Alt + 9658


25BA


 

►


 

 

▼


Black down-pointing
triangle


Alt + 31

Alt + 9660


25BC


 

▼


 

 

◄


Black left-pointing
pointer


Alt + 17

Alt + 9668


25C4


 

◄


 

 

◊


Lozenge


Alt + 9674


25CA


 

◊


 

 

○


White circle


Alt + 9

Alt + 9675


25CB


 

○


 

 

●


Black circle


Alt + 9679


25CF


 

●


 

 

◘


Inverse bullet


Alt + 8

Alt + 9688


25D8


 

◘


 

 

◙


Inverse white circle


Alt + 10

Alt + 9689


25D9


 

◙


 

 

◦


White bullet


Alt + 9702


25E6


 

◦


 

 

Dingbats



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


☺


White smiling face


Alt + 1

Alt + 9786


263A


 

☺


 

 

☻


Black smiling face


Alt + 2

Alt + 214

Alt + 9787


263B


 

☻


 

 

☼


White sun with rays


Alt + 15

Alt + 9788


263C


 

☼


 

 

♀


Female sign


Alt + 12

Alt + 9792


2640


 

♀


 

 

♂


Male sign


Alt + 11

Alt + 9794


2642


 

♂


 

 

♠


Spade suit


Alt + 6

Alt + 9824


2660


♠


♠


 

 

♣


Club suit


Alt + 5

Alt + 9827


2663


♣


♣


 

 

♥


Heart suit


Alt + 3

Alt + 9829


2665


♥


♥


 

 

♦


Diamond suit


Alt + 4

Alt + 9830


2666


♦


♦


 

 

♪


Eighth note


Alt + 13

Alt + 9834


266A


 

♪


 

 

♫


Beamed eighth notes


Alt + 14

Alt + 9835


266B


 

♫


 

 

Mathematical Symbols



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


×


Multiplication sign


Alt + 0215


00D7


×


×


 

 

÷


Division sign


Alt + 246

Alt + 0247


00F7


÷


÷


 

Option + /


−


Minus sign


Alt + 8722


2212


 

−


 

 

±


Plus/minus sign


Alt + 241

Alt + 0177


00B1


±


±


 

Option + Shift + =


π


Greek lowercase letter
pi


 

03C0


π


π

⁄


 

Option + p


⁄


Fraction slash


Alt + 8260


2044


 

⁄


 

 

ⁿ


Superscript lowercase n


Alt + 252

Alt + 8319


207F


 

ⁿ


 

 

℮


Estimated symbol


Alt + 8494


212E


 

℮


 

 

∂


Partial differential


Alt + 8706


2202


 

∂


 

Option + d


∆


Increment


Alt + 8710


2206


 

∆


 

Option + j


∏


N-ary product


Alt + 8719


220F


 

∏


 

 

∑


N-ary summation


Alt + 8721


2211


 

∑


 

Option + w


∕


Division slash


Alt + 8725


2215


 

∕


 

 

∙


Bullet operator


Alt + 250

Alt + 8729


2219


 

∙


 

 

√


Square root


Alt + 251

Alt + 8730


221A


 

√


 

Option + v


∞


Infinity


Alt + 236

Alt + 8734


221E


 

∞


 

Option + 5


∟


Right angle


Alt + 28

Alt + 8735


221F


 

∟


 

 

∩


Intersection


Alt + 239

Alt + 8745


2229


 

∩


 

 

∫


Integral


Alt + 8747


222B


 

∫


 

Option + b


⌠


Top half integral


Alt + 244

Alt + 8992


2320


 

⌠


 

 

⌡


Bottom half integral


Alt + 245

Alt + 8993


2321


 

⌡


 

 

≈


Almost equal to


Alt + 247

Alt + 8776


2248


 

≈


 

Option + x


≠


Not equal to


Alt + 8800


2260


 

≠


 

 

≡


Identical to


Alt + 240

Alt + 8801


2261


 

≡


 

 

≤


Less than or equal to


Alt + 243

Alt + 8804


2264


 

≤


 

Option + <


≥


Greater than or equal to

Alt + 242

Alt + 8805


2265


 

≥


 

Option + >


Miscellaneous



Character


Name of Character


Alt Code


Character Code


Name Code


Number Code


Shortcut Key


Accent Code


¦


Broken vertical bar


Alt + 0166


00A6


¦

&brkbar;


¦


 

 

º


Degree sign


Alt + 248

Alt + 0176


00B0


°


°


 

Option + Shift + 8



Paragraph sign


Alt + 20

Alt + 0182


00B6




 

Option + 7


-


Middle dot


Alt + 249

Alt + 0183


00B7


·


·


 

Option + 8


•


Bullet


Alt + 7

Alt + 8226


2022


 

•


 

 

←


Leftwards arrow


Alt + 27

Alt + 8592


2190


←


←


 

 

↑


Upwards arrow


Alt + 24

Alt + 8593


2191


↑


↑


 

 

→


Rightwards arrow


Alt + 26

Alt + 8594


2192


→


→


 

 

↓


Downwards arrow


Alt + 25

Alt + 8595


2193


↓


↓


 

 

↔


Left right arrow


Alt + 29

Alt + 8596


2194


 

↔


 

 

↕


Up down arrow


Alt + 18

Alt + 23

Alt + 8597


2195


 

↕


 

 


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